Health functional foods, do not need to eat
Wednesday, December 13, 2017
Add Comment
When the National Cancer Center asked the participants of the Food Reporters Forum held in Minhang, Seoul on July 7, a few people held their hands. Dr. Myung also asked the same questions about protein supplements and antioxidants.
"You eat only if you eat."
A laugh broke out at Mr. But he said in a determined voice.
"You do not need to eat these things."
A meta-analysis of a healthy functional food. Where did Dr. Myung's confidence come from? Dr. Myung is working to verify the efficacy of functional foods through meta-analysis that compiles the results of individual studies using statistics. He argued that meta-analysis has a higher degree of confidence than the clinical studies that food companies put forward.
"Observational research - patient-control studies are actually more difficult to perform, for example, it is difficult to set up a control group, and it is very difficult to control which group does not eat any of the vegetables. Most of the studies are on patient studies (which are lower than meta-studies), most of which are small specimens and the quality of the research is low. "
Dr. Myung says that the relative risk of major health functional foods such as vitamins, antioxidants, and calcium supplements is about one (1) that is related to the occurrence of the disease and the risk factors. This means that these foods have no effect on health.
Active oxygen called aging, vitamins that prevent aging
The domestic market for vitamins supplements, the most common supplements, is estimated at over 600 billion won. Approximately 20% of the Korean population is taking vitamin supplements. The US vitamin supplements market is about 21 trillion won. About 50% of the US population and about 70% of cancer survivors take vitamins. One of the reasons for taking various health functional foods such as vitamins and antioxidant supplements is reactive oxygen species which is pointed out as a cause of aging.
The active oxygen species is a representative free radical of the human body. Free radicals are molecules with unpaired electrons that try to take electrons from normal cells or give electrons elsewhere. In the process, normal cell damage occurs. The reactive oxygen species oxidize the DNA or cell membrane of normal cells to cause cancer, cardiovascular disease, and promote senescence.
The causes of active oxygen species are various, such as smoking, pollution, sunlight, food, chemicals, and radiation. During the process of nutrient conversion to energy during normal cellular metabolism, most of the oxygen forms water, but some of them produce reactive oxygen species such as O 2 -, H 2 O 2, OH which are highly reactive.
It is antioxidant that prevents oxidative damage by free radicals such as active oxygen species. Antioxidants slow down or prevent oxidation of other substances and prevent disease. Natural antioxidants in foods include vitamins C, E, phytochemicals (vegetable chemicals) and minerals. These are mainly citrus fruits, watermelon fruits, carrots, pumpkins, vegetables, beans and nuts.
Observational epidemiologic studies that have been published worldwide in recent decades show that people who consume a lot of fruits and vegetables are 20 to 30 percent less likely to develop cancer or cardiovascular disease than those who do not. The World Health Organization recommends eating more than 400 grams of five fruits and vegetables with five colors each day. People in Korea eat an average of 393g a day. In addition to that, I eat supplements.
Can vitamin supplements replace natural vitamins?
However, Dr. Myung warned that "supplementation with vitamin supplements is not only proven effective, but can also be dangerous." In fact, the Special Committee on Disease Prevention Services, affiliated with the US Department of Health and Human Services, said that the use of multivitamins or antioxidant supplements for the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease is inadequate.
The World Cancer Research Fund and the Disease Prevention Services Task Force are prohibiting the use of beta-carotene supplements to increase the incidence of lung cancer. The American Cancer Society argues that taking a vitamin or other supplements during cancer treatment can reduce the effectiveness of the treatment.
Meta-analysis results also support this. According to a study conducted by Professor Goran Bjelakovic of the University of Nice and Serbia, a comprehensive meta - analysis of 56 clinical trials with high quality levels since 2007 revealed that taking vitamin and antioxidant supplements has a 4%
"Meta analysis shows that vitamin A and E, beta-carotene, selenium and other vitamins and antioxidants do not prevent cancer," Dr. Myung said. "Bladder cancer has a 52% I am high. " According to his research, cardiovascular disease also has no protective effect against vitamin and antioxidant supplements.
"If you take too much vitamin C supplements do not help your health, you can cause gastrointestinal disorders, urological diseases, hemolysis and so on."
Nutritional supplements for food
According to Dr. Myung, taking only 1g of vitamin supplements can cause gastrointestinal disturbances because these are not absorbed. Excessive ingestion of oxalate, the final product of vitamin C, increases the risk of oxalate stones leading to urinary disease. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria increase the risk of red blood cell hemolysis.
The Korean Nutrition Society recommends that vitamin C intake is 100mg / day and 2,000mg / day (2g / day), respectively, but the World Health Organization recommends not to take more than 1g / day. The World Health Organization and the Food Standard Agency recommend daily vitamin C intake of 45 mg and 40 mg, respectively. In particular, it is recommended that you do not take more than 1000mg / day (1g) in the UK, as it can be harmful.
"Rather than sticking to functional food intake, it is a more effective and reliable health remedy to maintain good health practices and to supplement good food and supplement nutrients."
"Vitamin C supplements, which are synthetic vitamins, are different from vitamin C, which is consumed in fruits and vegetables, and they do not work the same in humans. The nutritional components of fruits and vegetables must work together to achieve the positive effects of the vitamin C complex. "Active oxygen is a cause of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and aging, but it also kills cancerous cells that are produced by external foreign substances or the inside," he said. "If the concentration of active oxygen is too low by taking antioxidants, it can be rather harmful. "He said.
Dr. Myung's Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation
Dr. Myung also pointed out the risk of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, which is the third largest producer of functional foods. Omega-3 fatty acids are often known to prevent heart and blood vessel disease. In the 1970s, it was analyzed that the reason for the incidence of heart disease and vascular disease in Eskimos living in Greenland was that omega-3 fatty acids were abundant and they were eating a lot of blue fish.
Since then, research has shown that omega-3 fatty acid supplements can help prevent heart and vascular disease. More than 10,000 large-scale clinical trials have been conducted. But it was a problem not to use placebo, which is a fake medicine. The results of a study using a placebo that has no pharmacological effect are in contrast to the results of using the actual drug.
Dr. Myung's study, which took place in the placebo, produced a totally different result. He and his colleagues conducted a meta-analysis of papers on the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplements in international journals for 15 years from 1995 to 2010. Only studies that thoroughly used placebo were included.
The results of the study showed that taking omega-3 fatty acid supplements, such as EPA and DHA, did not lower the risk of cardiovascular, congestive heart failure, stroke and other cardiovascular diseases and deaths. This article was featured in the well-known international medical journal Arch Intern Med.
"Omega-3 fatty acids are best to eat that rich food twice a week," said Dr. Myung. Omega-3 fatty acids in foods are good for the body because they work with other nutrients. Omega-3 fatty acids are found in blue fish such as mackerel, salmon and tuna, and nuts such as walnuts and peanuts.
I can not trust you unconditionally.
He warned that glucosamine is also one of the healthful foods to watch out for. According to the 2011 Korea Institute of Health Research, 12% of people over 40 years of age are taking glucosamine, and 30% are those who have experience eating. Glucosamine has a sales turnover of about 280 billion won a year, half of which is vitamin supplements. Seventy-seven percent of people taking glucosamine have been diagnosed with degenerative arthritis, although they are taking glucosamine for prevention. The hypothesis is that glucosamine and chondroitin, which form the cartilage, will help prevent joint deterioration.
Degenerative arthritis is a disease in which the cartilage wears down and limits the pain and movement of the joints. In fact, in 2009, the Korea Institute of Health and Medical Research analyzed the results of 37 clinical trials on the effects of glucosamine and chondroitin, which led to some results in reduced joint pain and improved joint function. But Dr. Myung says he should not trust the results unconditionally.
"Most of the studies that have been shown to be effective have received funding from the manufacturer or are of low quality. There is no evidence that glucosamine or chondroitin have therapeutic effects such as preventing osteoarthritis or improving joint function. "
Glucosamine is made by decomposing chitin, which is a shell of crustaceans such as shellfish, crab, and shrimp, at high temperatures. Therefore, it is dangerous for people who are allergic to shellfish or crustaceans to consume glucosamine. It is safe not to eat pregnant women or fetuses. Overdose not only causes abdominal pain, diarrhea, and headache, but also damages the pancreas cells, increasing the risk of diabetes. Glucosamine has been removed from the list of health insurance benefits in March 2012.
In order to prevent arthritis, it is most effective to maintain normal weight instead of taking glucosamine and to strengthen muscles by exercising, Dr. Myung advised. It is important that people diagnosed with arthritis continue to treat drugs and physical therapies that have been proven effective in hospitals.
Dr. Myung is also negative for the 'lactic acid bacteria craze' in the health functional food market. There are currently over 2,000 clinical studies on the efficacy of the currently available lactic acid bacteria. Most lactic acid and probiotic nutrients have been shown to stop diarrhea and inhibit Helicobacter pylori. Dr. Myung believes that it is difficult to guarantee the credibility of these results. This is because the number of subjects participating in the research (sample size) is low or the quality of research is low. There are also a lot of studies on interests. "If you have research results, you should first see who has been funded."
Thousands of malformed children were born.
"We must remember the lessons of thalidomide," said Dr. Myung. Thalidomide is a drug developed by German pharmaceutical company in 1957 to prevent morning sickness. By mid-1962, she was prescribed to pregnant women in Europe, such as Germany, less than three months pregnant. There was an excellent effect in preventing morning sickness, but a few years later, more than 10,000 children in 46 countries suffered from malpractice. Although it was effective, it was a disaster that could not be secured.
After the Thalidomide incident, ensuring safety in drug development has emerged as an important task. The clinical trial process has become even more thorough. On the other hand, health food products sold on the market are very insufficient in securing such safety. Dr. Myung warned that foods that have not been tested for safety may worsen their health.
"If you get a healthy and functional food that is scientifically proven to be effective and safe, I would encourage you to use it," he said.
According to a report by the Korea Functional Food Association in 2011, the size of the Korean health functional food market has increased to 3.60 trillion won. It accounts for 23% of domestic drug production in 2012. In August 2002, the government published the Act on Healthy Functional Foods to manage functional foods, and according to this law, there was a category called 'Healthy Functional Foods'. However, Dr. Myung says that there is a problem from the definition of 'functional foods'.
"On the homepage of the Korea Food and Drug Administration, we define health functional foods as" maintaining or improving health through maintaining the normal function of the human body or activation of physiological functions. "What is different from medicine? Long-term health improvement is also a major function of medicines. "
Dr. Myung said that there is also a problem with the functional grade of health functional foods. This is because there is a 'disease risk reduction function' rating. Foods that have received this grade are no different from medicines, he stressed. It is also said that there are items such as 'memory improvement' and 'blood glucose control' in the functional field. There is no food that has been recognized as having such an effect yet.
Dr. Myung emphasized that health-care foods should be managed in the same way as medicines. It is necessary to change the system so that healthy functional food is made a sub-sector of pharmaceuticals and thorough clinical trials should be launched.
A laugh broke out at Mr. But he said in a determined voice.
"You do not need to eat these things."
A meta-analysis of a healthy functional food. Where did Dr. Myung's confidence come from? Dr. Myung is working to verify the efficacy of functional foods through meta-analysis that compiles the results of individual studies using statistics. He argued that meta-analysis has a higher degree of confidence than the clinical studies that food companies put forward.
"Observational research - patient-control studies are actually more difficult to perform, for example, it is difficult to set up a control group, and it is very difficult to control which group does not eat any of the vegetables. Most of the studies are on patient studies (which are lower than meta-studies), most of which are small specimens and the quality of the research is low. "
Dr. Myung says that the relative risk of major health functional foods such as vitamins, antioxidants, and calcium supplements is about one (1) that is related to the occurrence of the disease and the risk factors. This means that these foods have no effect on health.
Active oxygen called aging, vitamins that prevent aging
The domestic market for vitamins supplements, the most common supplements, is estimated at over 600 billion won. Approximately 20% of the Korean population is taking vitamin supplements. The US vitamin supplements market is about 21 trillion won. About 50% of the US population and about 70% of cancer survivors take vitamins. One of the reasons for taking various health functional foods such as vitamins and antioxidant supplements is reactive oxygen species which is pointed out as a cause of aging.
The active oxygen species is a representative free radical of the human body. Free radicals are molecules with unpaired electrons that try to take electrons from normal cells or give electrons elsewhere. In the process, normal cell damage occurs. The reactive oxygen species oxidize the DNA or cell membrane of normal cells to cause cancer, cardiovascular disease, and promote senescence.
The causes of active oxygen species are various, such as smoking, pollution, sunlight, food, chemicals, and radiation. During the process of nutrient conversion to energy during normal cellular metabolism, most of the oxygen forms water, but some of them produce reactive oxygen species such as O 2 -, H 2 O 2, OH which are highly reactive.
It is antioxidant that prevents oxidative damage by free radicals such as active oxygen species. Antioxidants slow down or prevent oxidation of other substances and prevent disease. Natural antioxidants in foods include vitamins C, E, phytochemicals (vegetable chemicals) and minerals. These are mainly citrus fruits, watermelon fruits, carrots, pumpkins, vegetables, beans and nuts.
Observational epidemiologic studies that have been published worldwide in recent decades show that people who consume a lot of fruits and vegetables are 20 to 30 percent less likely to develop cancer or cardiovascular disease than those who do not. The World Health Organization recommends eating more than 400 grams of five fruits and vegetables with five colors each day. People in Korea eat an average of 393g a day. In addition to that, I eat supplements.
Can vitamin supplements replace natural vitamins?
However, Dr. Myung warned that "supplementation with vitamin supplements is not only proven effective, but can also be dangerous." In fact, the Special Committee on Disease Prevention Services, affiliated with the US Department of Health and Human Services, said that the use of multivitamins or antioxidant supplements for the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease is inadequate.
The World Cancer Research Fund and the Disease Prevention Services Task Force are prohibiting the use of beta-carotene supplements to increase the incidence of lung cancer. The American Cancer Society argues that taking a vitamin or other supplements during cancer treatment can reduce the effectiveness of the treatment.
Meta-analysis results also support this. According to a study conducted by Professor Goran Bjelakovic of the University of Nice and Serbia, a comprehensive meta - analysis of 56 clinical trials with high quality levels since 2007 revealed that taking vitamin and antioxidant supplements has a 4%
"Meta analysis shows that vitamin A and E, beta-carotene, selenium and other vitamins and antioxidants do not prevent cancer," Dr. Myung said. "Bladder cancer has a 52% I am high. " According to his research, cardiovascular disease also has no protective effect against vitamin and antioxidant supplements.
"If you take too much vitamin C supplements do not help your health, you can cause gastrointestinal disorders, urological diseases, hemolysis and so on."
Nutritional supplements for food
According to Dr. Myung, taking only 1g of vitamin supplements can cause gastrointestinal disturbances because these are not absorbed. Excessive ingestion of oxalate, the final product of vitamin C, increases the risk of oxalate stones leading to urinary disease. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria increase the risk of red blood cell hemolysis.
The Korean Nutrition Society recommends that vitamin C intake is 100mg / day and 2,000mg / day (2g / day), respectively, but the World Health Organization recommends not to take more than 1g / day. The World Health Organization and the Food Standard Agency recommend daily vitamin C intake of 45 mg and 40 mg, respectively. In particular, it is recommended that you do not take more than 1000mg / day (1g) in the UK, as it can be harmful.
"Rather than sticking to functional food intake, it is a more effective and reliable health remedy to maintain good health practices and to supplement good food and supplement nutrients."
"Vitamin C supplements, which are synthetic vitamins, are different from vitamin C, which is consumed in fruits and vegetables, and they do not work the same in humans. The nutritional components of fruits and vegetables must work together to achieve the positive effects of the vitamin C complex. "Active oxygen is a cause of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and aging, but it also kills cancerous cells that are produced by external foreign substances or the inside," he said. "If the concentration of active oxygen is too low by taking antioxidants, it can be rather harmful. "He said.
Dr. Myung's Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation
Dr. Myung also pointed out the risk of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, which is the third largest producer of functional foods. Omega-3 fatty acids are often known to prevent heart and blood vessel disease. In the 1970s, it was analyzed that the reason for the incidence of heart disease and vascular disease in Eskimos living in Greenland was that omega-3 fatty acids were abundant and they were eating a lot of blue fish.
Since then, research has shown that omega-3 fatty acid supplements can help prevent heart and vascular disease. More than 10,000 large-scale clinical trials have been conducted. But it was a problem not to use placebo, which is a fake medicine. The results of a study using a placebo that has no pharmacological effect are in contrast to the results of using the actual drug.
Dr. Myung's study, which took place in the placebo, produced a totally different result. He and his colleagues conducted a meta-analysis of papers on the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplements in international journals for 15 years from 1995 to 2010. Only studies that thoroughly used placebo were included.
The results of the study showed that taking omega-3 fatty acid supplements, such as EPA and DHA, did not lower the risk of cardiovascular, congestive heart failure, stroke and other cardiovascular diseases and deaths. This article was featured in the well-known international medical journal Arch Intern Med.
"Omega-3 fatty acids are best to eat that rich food twice a week," said Dr. Myung. Omega-3 fatty acids in foods are good for the body because they work with other nutrients. Omega-3 fatty acids are found in blue fish such as mackerel, salmon and tuna, and nuts such as walnuts and peanuts.
I can not trust you unconditionally.
He warned that glucosamine is also one of the healthful foods to watch out for. According to the 2011 Korea Institute of Health Research, 12% of people over 40 years of age are taking glucosamine, and 30% are those who have experience eating. Glucosamine has a sales turnover of about 280 billion won a year, half of which is vitamin supplements. Seventy-seven percent of people taking glucosamine have been diagnosed with degenerative arthritis, although they are taking glucosamine for prevention. The hypothesis is that glucosamine and chondroitin, which form the cartilage, will help prevent joint deterioration.
Degenerative arthritis is a disease in which the cartilage wears down and limits the pain and movement of the joints. In fact, in 2009, the Korea Institute of Health and Medical Research analyzed the results of 37 clinical trials on the effects of glucosamine and chondroitin, which led to some results in reduced joint pain and improved joint function. But Dr. Myung says he should not trust the results unconditionally.
"Most of the studies that have been shown to be effective have received funding from the manufacturer or are of low quality. There is no evidence that glucosamine or chondroitin have therapeutic effects such as preventing osteoarthritis or improving joint function. "
Glucosamine is made by decomposing chitin, which is a shell of crustaceans such as shellfish, crab, and shrimp, at high temperatures. Therefore, it is dangerous for people who are allergic to shellfish or crustaceans to consume glucosamine. It is safe not to eat pregnant women or fetuses. Overdose not only causes abdominal pain, diarrhea, and headache, but also damages the pancreas cells, increasing the risk of diabetes. Glucosamine has been removed from the list of health insurance benefits in March 2012.
In order to prevent arthritis, it is most effective to maintain normal weight instead of taking glucosamine and to strengthen muscles by exercising, Dr. Myung advised. It is important that people diagnosed with arthritis continue to treat drugs and physical therapies that have been proven effective in hospitals.
Dr. Myung is also negative for the 'lactic acid bacteria craze' in the health functional food market. There are currently over 2,000 clinical studies on the efficacy of the currently available lactic acid bacteria. Most lactic acid and probiotic nutrients have been shown to stop diarrhea and inhibit Helicobacter pylori. Dr. Myung believes that it is difficult to guarantee the credibility of these results. This is because the number of subjects participating in the research (sample size) is low or the quality of research is low. There are also a lot of studies on interests. "If you have research results, you should first see who has been funded."
Thousands of malformed children were born.
"We must remember the lessons of thalidomide," said Dr. Myung. Thalidomide is a drug developed by German pharmaceutical company in 1957 to prevent morning sickness. By mid-1962, she was prescribed to pregnant women in Europe, such as Germany, less than three months pregnant. There was an excellent effect in preventing morning sickness, but a few years later, more than 10,000 children in 46 countries suffered from malpractice. Although it was effective, it was a disaster that could not be secured.
After the Thalidomide incident, ensuring safety in drug development has emerged as an important task. The clinical trial process has become even more thorough. On the other hand, health food products sold on the market are very insufficient in securing such safety. Dr. Myung warned that foods that have not been tested for safety may worsen their health.
"If you get a healthy and functional food that is scientifically proven to be effective and safe, I would encourage you to use it," he said.
According to a report by the Korea Functional Food Association in 2011, the size of the Korean health functional food market has increased to 3.60 trillion won. It accounts for 23% of domestic drug production in 2012. In August 2002, the government published the Act on Healthy Functional Foods to manage functional foods, and according to this law, there was a category called 'Healthy Functional Foods'. However, Dr. Myung says that there is a problem from the definition of 'functional foods'.
"On the homepage of the Korea Food and Drug Administration, we define health functional foods as" maintaining or improving health through maintaining the normal function of the human body or activation of physiological functions. "What is different from medicine? Long-term health improvement is also a major function of medicines. "
Dr. Myung said that there is also a problem with the functional grade of health functional foods. This is because there is a 'disease risk reduction function' rating. Foods that have received this grade are no different from medicines, he stressed. It is also said that there are items such as 'memory improvement' and 'blood glucose control' in the functional field. There is no food that has been recognized as having such an effect yet.
Dr. Myung emphasized that health-care foods should be managed in the same way as medicines. It is necessary to change the system so that healthy functional food is made a sub-sector of pharmaceuticals and thorough clinical trials should be launched.
0 Response to "Health functional foods, do not need to eat"
Post a Comment